PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM:
I have met Jack. I've met Jack.
I have not met Jack. I've not met Jack. I haven't met Jack.
Have you met Jack?
She has written a book. She's written a book.
She has not written a book. She's not written a book. She hasn't written a book.
Has she written a book?
We use the auxiliary verb HAVE (possible forms are 'have' and 'has') and the past participle.
FUNCTION:
Similarly to the Past Simple tense, the Present Perfect Simple also expresses actions that have happened in the past, but there are some differences. Present Perfect focuses on the link between a past action and the present moment.
· Whereas Past Simple emphasises the exact time of the past action, Present Perfect focuses on the fact that the action happened at all.
I lost my wallet yesterday. I have lost my wallet.
· Present Perfect focuses on the present consequences of past actions.
I can't buy you dinner; I've lost my wallet.
· Present Perfect expresses actions that have happened in the past, even several times, and can happen again. Past Simple expresses actions that cannot be or aren't repeated anymore.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. J. K. Rowling has written 7 books about Harry Potter.
· Present Perfect can express an action that has happened just before the present moment.
I've just met Luke in the hallway.
· Present Perfect expresses actions that have started in the past and last up to the present moment.
I've lived here for 10 years. She has worked here since 2007.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM:
She has been studying all week. She's been studying all week.
She has not been studying. She's not been studying. She hasn't been studying.
Has she been studying?
They have been partying all night. They've been partying all night.
They have not been partying. They've not been partying. They haven't been partying.
Have they been partying?
We use the auxiliary verbs HAVE BEEN or HAS BEEN and the verb with the –ING ending.
FUNCTION:
This tense expresses an activity that has started in the past and is still going on. It emphasises the duration of the activity or even annoyance.
We've been waiting for hours.
It also expresses current consequences of past (longer) activities.
I'm all wet because I've been washing the car.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM:
I have met Jack. I've met Jack.
I have not met Jack. I've not met Jack. I haven't met Jack.
Have you met Jack?
She has written a book. She's written a book.
She has not written a book. She's not written a book. She hasn't written a book.
Has she written a book?
We use the auxiliary verb HAVE (possible forms are 'have' and 'has') and the past participle.
FUNCTION:
Similarly to the Past Simple tense, the Present Perfect Simple also expresses actions that have happened in the past, but there are some differences. Present Perfect focuses on the link between a past action and the present moment.
· Whereas Past Simple emphasises the exact time of the past action, Present Perfect focuses on the fact that the action happened at all.
I lost my wallet yesterday. I have lost my wallet.
· Present Perfect focuses on the present consequences of past actions.
I can't buy you dinner; I've lost my wallet.
· Present Perfect expresses actions that have happened in the past, even several times, and can happen again. Past Simple expresses actions that cannot be or aren't repeated anymore.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. J. K. Rowling has written 7 books about Harry Potter.
· Present Perfect can express an action that has happened just before the present moment.
I've just met Luke in the hallway.
· Present Perfect expresses actions that have started in the past and last up to the present moment.
I've lived here for 10 years. She has worked here since 2007.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM:
She has been studying all week. She's been studying all week.
She has not been studying. She's not been studying. She hasn't been studying.
Has she been studying?
They have been partying all night. They've been partying all night.
They have not been partying. They've not been partying. They haven't been partying.
Have they been partying?
We use the auxiliary verbs HAVE BEEN or HAS BEEN and the verb with the –ING ending.
FUNCTION:
This tense expresses an activity that has started in the past and is still going on. It emphasises the duration of the activity or even annoyance.
We've been waiting for hours.
It also expresses current consequences of past (longer) activities.
I'm all wet because I've been washing the car.